环境分析中沾污与损失的来源及相应对策

将环境污染分析的全过程中沾污的来源归纳为实验室空气、实验用容器、实验设备、实验试剂、实验用溶剂以及工作人员等 6个方面 ;将损失的来源归纳为容器吸附和挥发损失两方面 ,同时给出了减轻沾污与损失的对策     

Incorporating Collateral Value Uncertainty in Loss Given Default Estimates and Loan-to-value Ratios

We present a model of risky debt in which collateral value is correlated with the possibility of default. The model is then used to study the expected loss given default, primarily as a function of collateral. The results obtained could prove useful for estimating losses given default in many popular models of credit risk which assume them constant. We also examine the problem of determining sufficient collateral to secure a loan to a desired extent. In addition to bank practitioners, regulators might find our analysis useful in reviewing banks’ lending standards relative to current collateral values. In particular, the current proposals for The New (Basel) Capital Accord involve options for the use of banks’ own loss given default estimates which might benefit from the analysis in this paper.     

健全国有商业银行客户经理激励约束机制的思考

目前国有商业银行客户经理激励约束机制的现状呈现明哲保身、角色错位、越权操作、徇私舞弊这4大特征。其根本原因是授权机制尚不完善,角色定位出现错位,监督机制尚不健全,激励约束机制失效。针对这些问题,作者提出了完善国有商业银行客户经理激励约束机制的建议:在激励机制的选择上,要建立物质性激励模式、非物质性激励模式及因人而异的激励模式等多元化的激励组合;在约束机制的选择上,要从制度、技术、文化三个层面建立有效的约束组合;商业银行激励约束机制选择的最终目标是通过两者的最佳组合,建立一个合规、高效的激励环境,实现银行经营目标。     

我国商业银行业公司治理结构与经营绩效的实证研究

通过对8家股份制商业银行的公司治理结构与经营绩效的关系做回归分析,结果显示:经营绩效与董事会规模正相关;与第一大股东持股比例负相关;与前5大股东控制权分散度正相关。因此,国有商业银行应当适度增大董事会规模、明晰产权关系、强化监事会职能、加强管理层激励与信息透明度。     

加强无功电压管理 降低电网线路损耗

从石河子电网(文中简称石网)无功电压的运行现状及线损率的变化规律出发,分析了无功电压对电网经济运行的影响,并从技术、经济、管理三方面提出如何加强无功电压管理、降低电网线路损耗的建议.     

我国商业银行操作风险度量模型的选择

操作风险涉及银行经营活动的所有领域、各个环节和所有人员，不同银行、不同业务、不同环节的操作风险特征都不相同。操作风险度量是对操作风险进行经济资本配置的基础，目前还没有普遍适用的操作风险度量方法，现有的一些主流模型没有充分考虑内部控制对操作风险的影响和操作风险的因果性特征。因此，操作风险度量模型应考虑到其特征，既要综合主观和客观两方面的因素，也要可以灵活地进行动态调整。考虑到我国商业银行操作风险管理的实际，在操作风险度量模型的选择上，可用内部控制评价结果调整的基本指标法和标准法作为自上而下的度量模型，用贝叶斯网络技术作为自下而上的度量模型。     

The Impact of SFAS No. 114 on the Linear Information Dynamic for Commercial Banks

Increase (decrease) in loan loss provisions would decrease (increases) bank earnings, but increase (decreases) regulatory capital. Previous studies have separately documented earnings and capital management behavior via loan loss provisions by commercial banks. However, it is difficult to isolate a bank's demand for increasing earnings from its demand for regulatory capital because earnings is a source of capital. Based on the objective bank function, this study investigates the impact of SFAS No. 114 on the information content of loan loss provisions in relation to both earnings quality and capital adequacy in a linear information dynamic framework. Test results show that the association between market value with loan loss provisions became significantly stronger for commercial banks in the post- than in the pre-adoption period. As a result, SFAS No. 114 is also found to positively affect the association of market value with both bank earnings and regulatory capital through the clean surplus relation because of the higher value relevance of loan loss provisions. The findings thus provide empirical evidence that SFAS No. 114 has significantly complemented banking regulations in enhancing (reducing) the (dispersion from the) accounting measurement construct of loan loss provisions.     

The influence of risk preferences,knowledge, land consolidation,and landscape diversification on pesticide use

Researchers have spent substantial effort to identify factors influencing pesticide use intensity. However, few studies have compared the relative importance of these factors. This study examines four categories of factors that potentially influence farmers’ pesticide use decisions by evaluating incentivized experiment data, farm survey data, and remote sensing data in China. Our results suggest that land diversification has the largest effect on farmers’ pesticide use. Compared with the most rice-intensive landscape type, less rice-intensive systems cause farmers to spray less on middle rice. Heavy pesticide use intensity is associated with land fragmentation as small-scale farms still dominate crop production. Farmers’ integrated pest management knowledge has significant effects on pesticide use. We also find that loss and ambiguity preferences, rather than risk preferences, are more likely to affect pesticide use intensity.     

基于发展权与功能损失的农村宅基地流转增值收益分配研究——以义乌市“集地券”为例

研究目的:从宅基地流转功能损失角度构建增值收益分配模型,探寻基于土地发展权的宅基地流转增值收益分配方法。研究方法:综合分析法,模型测算法,实证分析法。研究结果:义乌市制定的"集地券"流转模式的实质是运用市场机制实现土地发展权空间转移,通过"集地券"形式获得的宅基地增值收益约为1152元/m2;宅基地流转过程中,政府应补偿宅基地居住保障、社会保障以及文化服务功能价值损失,约为234元/m2;基于发展权和功能损失角度,义乌市政府、村集体和农民分享宅基地流转增值收益的比例为40∶11∶49。研究结论:建立在基准地价基础上对宅基地的土地发展权价值进行分配,并结合宅基地功能损失补偿农民体现公平原则,也接近地方政策规定及实际分配比例,符合建立兼顾国家、集体、个人的土地增值收益分配机制的改革方向。     

Do analysts who understand accounting conservatism exhibit better forecasting performance?

This study investigates the performance of analysts when they match the asymmetric timeliness of their earnings forecast revisions (i.e., asymmetric forecast timeliness) with the asymmetric timeliness of firms’ reported earnings (i.e., asymmetric earnings timeliness). We find that better timeliness‐matching analysts produce more accurate earnings forecasts and elicit stronger market reactions to their forecast revisions. Further, better timeliness‐matching analysts issue less biased earnings forecasts, more profitable stock recommendations and have more favorable career outcomes. Overall, our results indicate that analysts’ ability to incorporate conditional conservatism into their earnings forecasts is an important reflection of analyst expertise and professional success.